day02 数据类型（上）¶

数据类型的概要：

      类     基于str类实例化出来的对象
字符串 str(upper) ："中国"    "日本"    "台湾省"
列表  list ：[1,2,3]   ["王平安","欧阳"]
字典  dict ：{"k1":123,"k2":345}   {"age":"xx","name":"alex"}
元组  tuple
集合  set
布尔  bool
特殊  None

name = "root"
val = name.upper()
print(val) # "ROOT"

今日概要¶

int
None
bool
str
list
tuple
dict

1.整型（int）¶

age = 18

其他进制：
v2 = "010100100101"
v8 = "010100100101"
v16 = "010100100101"

v1 = 982

v2 = bin(v1)
v3 = oct(v1)
v4 = hex(v1)

# 0b1111010110 0o1726 0x3d6
v1 = "0b1111010110"
v2 = int(v1,base=2)

练习题¶

ip = "192.168.11.23"

# 1.切割成四个数字
data_list = ip.split(".")  # ["192","168","11","23"]

# 2.获取列表的第一个值
v1 = data_list[0] # "192"

# 3.整型
v2 = int(v1) # 192

# 4.二进制
v3 = bin(v2) # "0b10010010101"

2.None¶

v1 = ""
..
...
v1 = "武沛齐"

v2 = None
v2 = "武沛齐"

None转化布尔值也是False。

3.布尔类型（bool）¶

都有哪些东西转成bool是False：

0
""
None
[]
()
{}

4.字符串类型（str）¶

v1 = "root"
data = v1.upper()

print(v1) # root
print(data) # ROOT

v1 = [11,22,33]
v1.append(44)

print(v1) # [11,22,33,44]

4.1 独有功能¶

startswith、endswith

name = "root"

# True/False
v1 = name.startswith("xx")

addr = input("地址：")

if addr.startswith("北京"):
    print("京户")
else:
    print("非京户")

upper/lower

name = "root"

v1 = name.upper()
print(v1) # ROOT

while True:
    num = input("请输入数字（q/Q）：")
    data = num.upper()
    if data == "Q":
        break

isdecimal，判断输入的字符串是否是整数

print("欢迎使用xx系统")
print("1.登录;2.注册;3.注销...")
choice = input("请选择：")

if choice.isdecimal():
    data = int(choice)
    print("序号是：", data)
else:
    print("序号选择错误")

v1 = "②"

print(v1.isdecimal())  # True
print(v1.isdigit())  # True

strip/lstrip/rstrip

v1 = " 路飞 "

print(len(v1))  # 4

res = v1.strip()
print(res, len(res))  # 2

text = "中国的国中"

res = text.rstrip("中")
print(res) # 中国的国

text = "中国的国中"

res = text.rstrip("国中")
print(res) # 中国的

text = "中国的国中"

res = text.rstrip("国")
print(res)  # 中国的国中

text = "中国的国中"

res = text.rstrip("中国")
print(res) # 中国的

replace

name = "日本人是人"
data = name.replace("日本","**")

print(data) # "**人是人"

text = "刘森和王卓是好基友"

text.replace("刘森","**")
text.replace("王卓","xx")

print(text) # **和xx是好基友
print(text) # 刘森和xx是好基友

text = "刘森和王卓是好基友"

v1 = text.replace("刘森","**") 
v2 = v1.replace("王卓","xx")

print(v2) # **和xx是好基友

text = "刘森和王卓是好基友"

text = text.replace("刘森","**") 
text = text.replace("王卓","xx")

text = input(">>>") # 王卓今天和欧阳一起玩，玩到深夜去找刘森，被刘森骂了出来。

data_list = ["王卓","刘森","欧阳"]
for item in data_list:
  # item="王卓" "刘森","欧阳"
    # **今天和欧阳一起玩，玩到深夜去找**，被**骂了出来。
    text = text.replace(item,"**")

split/rsplit

ip = "192.168.11.11"
data_list = ip.split(".") # ["192","168","11","11"]

ip = "192.168.11.11"
data_list = ip.split(".", maxsplit=1)

print(data_list)  # ['192', '168.11.11']

file_path= "C:\xxx\xxx\xx.mp4"
data_list = file_path.rplit(".",maxsplit=1) # ["C:\xxx\xxx\xx","mp4"]

cls_path = "xx.xxxx.xxx.xxx.UserInfo"
cls_path.rsplit(".",maxsplit=1)

join

res = "*".join(["192","188"])
print(res) # "192*188"

#'aid=246387571&auto_play=0&cid=289008441&did=KREhESMUJh8tFCEVaRVpE2taPQk7WChCJg&epid=0&ftime=1627100937&lv=0&mid=0&part=1&sid=0&stime=1627104372&sub_type=0&type=3'

data_list = ["aid=246387571","auto_play=0","cid=289008441"]

res = "&".join(data_list)
print(res)

param = {
    "aid":"246387571",
    "auto_play":"0",
    "cid":"289008441",
}

# data_list = ["aid=246387571","auto_play=0","cid=289008441"]
data_list = []

# 1.循环字典，并添加到列表中
for k,v in param.items():
    # k=aid v=246387571
    ele = "{}={}".format(k,v) # "aid=246387571"

    data_list.append(ele)

# 2.拼接起来
res = "&".join(data_list)
print(res)

center / ljust / rjust / zfill

name = "董国鹏"

res = name.center(13, "*")
print(res)

name = "董国鹏"

res = name.ljust(13, "*")
print(res)

name = "董国鹏"

res = name.rjust(13, "*")
print(res)

name = "101"

res = name.zfill(10)
print(res) # 0000000101

4.2 公共功能¶

长度

v = len("alex烧饼")

索引，下标

#       0 1 23 4 5
name = "中国北京昌平"

name[0]
name[1]
name[2]
name[ len(name)-1 ]
name[-1]

循环输出字符串中的每一个字符。

1.括号
  print()
    input()
    range()
    len()

    取索引
      name = "中国北京昌平"
      name[2]
  列表数据类型
      v1 = [11,22,33,44,55]
2.语法规则
  if xx:
        pass
    else:
        pass

    for x in xx:
        pass

    while True:
        pass

3.循环
  - while循环
      count = 0
      while True:
          print(count)
            count += 1

  - for循环
      range(5)
        for i in range(5):
            # 0/1/2/3/4

# while循环

name = "中国北京昌平"
count = 0
while True:
    print(name[count])
    count += 1
    if count == len(name):
        break

name = "中国北京昌平"
for i in range(len(name)): # [0,1,2,3,4,5]
    print(name[i])

text = "alex是我们的大傻儿子"
for i in text:
    print(i)

切片

#       0 1 23 4 5
#             -2 -1
name = "中国北京昌平"

v1 = name[0:2]  # 中国
print(v1)

v2 = name[1:5]  # 国北京昌
print(v2)

v3 = name[1:-1]  # 国北京昌
print(v3)

v4 = name[1:]  # 国北京昌平
print(v4)

v5 = name[:-1]  # 中国北京昌
print(v5)

v6 = name[:]  # 中国北京昌平
print(v6)

v1 = 187

v2 = bin(v1) # 0b01010101
res = v2[2:]

print(res)

步长

#       0 1 23 4 5
#             -2 -1
name = "中国北京昌平"
name[0:5:2]

name = "中国北京昌平"
res = name[::-1]
print(res)

name = "中国北京昌平"

char_list = []
for i in range(len(name) - 1, -1, -1):  # [5,4,3,2,1,0]
    char = name[i]
    char_list.append(char)

res = "".join(char_list)
print(res)

包含

name = "中国北京昌平"
v1 = "北京" in name

name = "中国北京昌平"
if "北京" in name:
    pass
else:
    pass

练习题¶

提示用户持续录入敏感字符串，直到输入(Q/q)终止。每输入一个敏感字符串，就在列表中添加一个。

data = []
data.append(1)
data.append("xx")
print(data)

data_list = []
while True:
    data = input("请输入（q/Q）：")
    if data == "q" or data == "Q":
        break
    data_list.append(data)
print(data)

data_list = []
while True:
    data = input("请输入（q/Q）：")
    if data.upper() == "Q":
        break
    data_list.append(data)
print(data)

data_list = []
while True:
    data = input("请输入（q/Q）：")   
    data = data.strip()
    if not data:
        print("输入不能为空")
        continue
    if data.upper() == "Q":
        break
    data_list.append(data)
print(data)

data_list = []
while True:
    data = input("请输入（q/Q）：").strip()
    if not data:
        print("输入不能为空")
        continue
    if data.upper() == "Q":
        break
    data_list.append(data)
print(data)

text = "沙河是一个美丽如绕的城市"

text = text.replace("沙","潮白").replace("美丽","魅力").strip()

提示用户输入两个值，保证两个值都要是数字（一直输入指导是数字），两个数字相加。

while True:
    num1 = input("请输入数字：").strip()
    if not num1:
        print("输入不能为空")
        continue
    if num1.isdecimal():
        num1 = int(num1)
        break

while True:
    num2 = input("请输入数字：").strip()
    if not num2:
        print("输入不能为空")
        continue
    if num2.isdecimal():
        num2 = int(num2)
        break

res = num1 + num2
print(res)

while True:
    num1 = input("请输入数字：").strip()
    num2 = input("请输入数字：").strip()
    if num1.isdecimal() and num2.isdecimal():
        res = int(num1) + int(num2)
        print(res)
        break
    print("输入错误，请重新输入")

num_list = []
while True:
    num = input("请输入数字：").strip()
    if not num:
        print("输入不能为空")
        continue
    if num.isdecimal():
        num_list.append(int(num))
        if len(num_list) == 2:
            break
    else:
        print("格式不合法")

res = num_list[0] + num_list[1]

遍历一个目录下所有的文件，找到所有 png or PNG 后缀的文件。

file_name = "xxxxx.png"

# ["xxxxxx","png"]
data_list = file_name.rsplit(".",maxsplit=1)

ext = data_list[-1]

# 遍历目录下的所有文件
import os

file_name_list = os.listdir(r"/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/day02")

# ['log.txt', '1.初识数据类型.py', '.idea']
for file_name in file_name_list:
    print(file_name,type(file_name))

import os

# 1.遍历目录下所有的文件和文件夹并放入列表
file_name_list = os.listdir("/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/day02")

# 2.循环这个列表，获取每个文件名称
for file_name in file_name_list:
    data_list = file_name.rsplit(".", maxsplit=1)
    # 获取扩展名
    ext = data_list[-1]
    # 判断是否是png
    if ext.lower() == 'png':
        print(file_name)

让用户输入一段文本，遍历文本的每个字符，如果是数字则追加到列表；然后将所有的字符串拼接起来；再将拼接起来的字符串转换成整形；再转换成二进制；不要前面0b。

data_list = ["1","4","9"]

res = "".join(data)
print(res) # "149"

data_list = []

text = input("请输入：")
for i in text:
 if i.isdecimal():
        data_list.append(i)

print(data_list)

data_list = []

text = input("请输入：")
for i in text:
    if i.isdecimal():
        data_list.append(i)

data_string = "".join(data_list)
data_int = int(data_string)
data_bin_string = bin(data_int)
print(data_bin_string[2:])

data_list = []

text = input("请输入：")
for i in text:
    if i.isdecimal():
        data_list.append(i)

res = bin(int("".join(data_list)))[2:]
print(res)

5.列表（list）¶

data = [1,1,True,None,"",[11,22,34],"xxx"]

5.1独有功能¶

追加

data = []
data.append(11)
data.append(22)

print(data) # [11,22]

插入

data = ["王卓", "于明宇"]

data.insert(0, "欧阳")

print(data) # ["欧阳","王卓", "于明宇"]

删除（值）

data = ["欧阳", "王卓", "于明宇"]

data.remove("王卓")

print(data)

data = ["欧阳", "王卓", "于明宇"]

v1 = data.pop(2)

print(data) # ["欧阳", "王卓"]
print(v1) # "于明宇"

# 练习题1
user_list = []

while True:
    user = input("请输入用户名：").strip()
    pwd = input("请输入密码：").strip()
    item = "{},{}".format(user,pwd)
    user_list.append(item)

# 练习题2
user_list = []
while True:
    name = input("姓名：")
    if name.startswith("李"):
        user_list.insert(0,name)
  else:
        user_list.append(name)

# 订票系统
user_list = []
while True:
    name = input("姓名：")
    if name.upper() == 'Q':
        break
    user_list.append(name)

# 获取前三个人
u1 = user_list.pop(0)
u2 = user_list.pop(0)
u3 = user_list.pop(0)
print(u1,u2,u3)

# 买不到票的人
user_string = ",".join(user_list)
message = "抱歉，以下人员无票:{}".format(user_string)
print(message)

排序

num_list = [11, 22, 33, 9, 10, 90]

print(num_list)
# num_list.sort() # 从小到大
num_list.sort(reverse=True)  # 从大到小
print(num_list)

num_list = ["root-1", "alex-2", "李杰-3", "土鳖-4"]

print(num_list)
# num_list.sort() # 从小到大
num_list.sort(reverse=True)  # 从大到小
print(num_list)

5.2 公共功能¶

长度 len([11,22,33])
索引

num_list = ["root-1", "alex-2", "李杰-3", "土鳖-4"]

num_list[0]
num_list[1]
num_list[-1]

num_list[1] = "xxxx"
print(num_list)

del num_list[0]

切片

num_list = ["root-1", "alex-2", "李杰-3", "土鳖-4"]

num_list[0:3]

for循环

num_list = ["root-1", "alex-2", "李杰-3", "土鳖-4"]
for item in num_list:
    print(item)

包含

v1 = "root" in ["root-1", "alex-2", "李杰-3", "土鳖-4"]

data_list = ["root-1", "alex-2", "李杰-3", "土鳖-4"]
if "root" in data_list:
    print('...')
else:
    print("...")

5.3 嵌套¶

data_list = [
    1,
    5,
    True,
    None,
    "路飞",
    [11,22,33],
    ["99","alex", [99,88,56], "root"]
]

data_list[0] 
data_list[3] 
data_list[4][0] 
data_list[5][-1] 
data_list[6][1][-1]

data_list.append(999)
data_list[-1].append(999)
data_list[-1][2].append(999)
data_list[-1][1].upper()

案例：循环提示用户注册，输入Q/q终止

user_list = [
    ["用户名","密码 "],
    ["用户名","密码 "],
    ["用户名","密码 "],
]

user_list = []

v1 = ["root","123"]
user_list.append(v1)

v2 = ["root","123"]
user_list.append(v2)

v3 = ["root","123"]
user_list.append(v3)

print(user_list)

user_list = []

while True:
    user = input("请输入用户名:")
    if user.upper() == "Q":
        break
    pwd = input("请输入密码:")    

    v1 = []
    v1.append(pwd)
    v1.append(user)    

    user_list.append(v1)

print(user_list)

v1 = [11,22,33]

n1 = 11
n2 = 22
v2 = [n1,n2]

user_list = []

while True:
    user = input("请输入用户名:")
    if user.upper() == "Q":
        break
    pwd = input("请输入密码:")    

    v1 = [user,pwd] 

    user_list.append(v1)

print(user_list)

user_list = []

while True:
    user = input("请输入用户名:")
    if user.upper() == "Q":
        break
    pwd = input("请输入密码:")    

    user_list.append(   [user,pwd]    )

print(user_list)

继续实现：用户登录。

user_list = [
    ["root","123 "],
    。。。
    ["admin","123 "],
]

user_list = []

while True:
    user = input("请输入用户名:")
    if user.upper() == "Q":
        break
    pwd = input("请输入密码:")    

    user_list.append(   [user,pwd]    )

# 1.提示用户输入用户名和密码
username = input("用户名：")
password = input("用户名：")

# 2.校验
is_success = False
for item in user_list:
    if item[0] == username and item[1] == password:
        is_success = True
        break

if is_success:
    print("登录成功")
else:
    print("登录失败")

6.元组（tuple）¶

元素不可以被修改的一个容器。

# 列表
v1 = [11,22,33]

# 元组
v2 = (11,22,33)

6.1 独有功能（无）¶

6.2 公共功能¶

长度

v2 = (11,22,33)
data = len(v2)
print(data) # 3

索引

v3 = (11,22,33)

v3[0]
v3[-1]
v3[ len(v3) -1   ]

切片

num = ("root", "alex", "李杰", "土鳖")

data = num[1:3]
print(data) # ('alex', '李杰')

for循环

num = ("root", "alex", "李杰", "土鳖")
for item in num:
    print(item)

包含

num = ("root", "alex", "李杰", "土鳖")
if "xx" in num:
    pass
else:
    pass

6.3 嵌套¶

data = (
    1,
    True,
    "",
    "alex",
    (11,22,[11,22,33],33),
    [11,22,33,(999,666),44]
)

data[0]
data[-2][-1]
data[-2][-2][1]

data[0] = 9989 # 失败
data[-1].append(9989) # 成功

6.4 必考题¶

v4 = (123,123)
v5 = (123,123,)

v4 = (123)
v5 = (123,)

v1 = 123
v2 = (123)
v3 = (123,)

练习题¶

user_list = [
    ("用户","密码")
]

user_list = []
while True:
    user = input(">>>")
    pwd = input(">>>")

    item = (user,pwd, )
    user_list.append(item)

生成一副扑克牌。

poke_list = [
    ("黑桃",1),
    ("黑桃",2),
    ("黑桃",3),
]

color_list = ["黑桃","红桃","方片","梅花"]
num_list = range(1,14)

poke_list = []

for color in color_list:
    # color = "黑桃"
    for num in num_list:
        # num = 1 2 3 4 ... 13
        item = (color,num)
        poke_list.append(item)
print(poke_list)

import random

color_list = ["黑桃", "红桃", "方片", "梅花"]
num_list = range(1, 14)

poke_list = []

for color in color_list:
    # color = "黑桃"
    for num in num_list:
        # num = 1 2 3 4 ... 13
        item = (color, num)
        poke_list.append(item)

user_poker_list = []
for i in range(3):
    index = random.randint(0, len(poke_list) - 1)
    tuple_item = poke_list.pop(index)
    user_poker_list.append(tuple_item)


result = 0
for item in user_poker_list:
    number = item[-1]
    result += number

print(result)

现在：有三个人，每个人抽三张牌。

import random

color_list = ["黑桃", "红桃", "方片", "梅花"]
num_list = range(1, 14)

poke_list = []

for color in color_list:
    # color = "黑桃"
    for num in num_list:
        # num = 1 2 3 4 ... 13
        item = (color, num)
        poke_list.append(item)

"""
[
    [('方片', 12), ('黑桃', 1), ('黑桃', 2)],
    [('梅花', 1), ('红桃', 7), ('方片', 5)],
    [('梅花', 9), ('红桃', 1), ('梅花', 11)]
]
"""

total_user_list = []
for _ in range(3):
    user_poker_list = []
    for i in range(3):
        index = random.randint(0, len(poke_list) - 1)
        tuple_item = poke_list.pop(index)
        user_poker_list.append(tuple_item)
    total_user_list.append(user_poker_list)

print(total_user_list)
score_list = []
for item_list in total_user_list:
    score = 0
    for item in item_list:
        score += item[-1]
    score_list.append(score)

print(score_list)

# result = 0
# for item in user_poker_list:
#     number = item[-1]
#     result += number
#
# print(result)

day02 数据类型（上）¶

今日概要¶

1.整型（int）¶

练习题¶

2.None¶

3.布尔类型（bool）¶

4.字符串类型（str）¶

4.1 独有功能¶

4.2 公共功能¶

练习题¶

5.列表（list）¶

5.1独有功能¶

5.2 公共功能¶

5.3 嵌套¶

6.元组 （tuple）¶

6.1 独有功能（无）¶

6.2 公共功能¶

6.3 嵌套¶

6.4 必考题¶

练习题¶

6.元组（tuple）¶